If you spend any time having sex with other people you can catch germs which can cause sexually transmissable infections or STIs.
This piece is taken from Sex Explained: A Real and Relevant Guide to Sex, Relationships and You.
About The Main Types
We can do a lot to prevent getting an STI – particularly the most serious infections. Lots of people have sex and don’t get STIs by having safer sex. However sometimes it’s not possible to have safer sex, or we try but can’t or we choose not to. Sometimes it’s possible to get an infection even if we are trying to have safer sex.
A lot of people people experience stigma as a result of having an STI. No other illness results in people being judged or looked down on, but sometimes people are treated unfairly or discriminated against because they have an STI, particularly HIV.
There are over 25 STIs like Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, HIV/AIDS, Herpes, Warts, Hepatitis, NSU and Syphilis. They are very, very common. An estimated 10% of young people that have sex have one. The most common bacterial infections are chlamydia and gonorrhoea. HPV (the virus that can sometimes lead to warts) is also very common. HIV (which can leads to AIDS) is not one of the most common but is one of the most serious – there’s still no cure for HIV.
How You Get An STI
You can only get STIs from having sex with someone with an STI – usually from penis in anus and/or penis in vagina sex. Germs in semen or unusual discharge can infect someone in their anus or vagina. Germs in blood or vaginal juices can get inside someone’s penis under the foreskin or through the pee hole.
STIs can also be caught from masturbating yourself immediately after masturbating someone else (by using fingers or using sex toys), although the risks are lower. They can also be caught from oral sex (blow jobs or going down) although the risks of getting HIV from this are thought to be very very low indeed. Some less problematic STIs can also be caught just by people rubbing their genitals together – such as genital warts or herpes if someone has an outbreak on their upper thigh for instance.
You Often Don’t Get Symptoms
STIs can cause painful and embarrassing symptoms which can require treatment, such as: itching, warts or blisters, pain when peeing, blood in urine, sore genitals, lower abdomen pain, unusual discharge from the penis, vagina or anus. Often getting treatment for these symptoms is why people go to a clinic.
However most cases of STIs have no symptoms. This means that people think they are fine (‘if I don’t feel ill I don’t have an infection’) but are still infectious and are able to spread the germs to other people they shag. This is important. Even if someone has symptoms they can often be so mild that they can’t be seen or felt – this is why I’m not putting diseased genital pictures here (the background image is what an STI looks like under a microscope). So the only way of finding out for sure is by getting a test.
No Symptoms No Problem?
‘So Justin, if I’m not ill, or in pain, why is an STI a problem?’ Good question (that I just made up). You can spread an infection even if you don’t realise you have it – this might not make you very popular with the people you’ve been having sex with. Also STIs can damage your health in the long term if you don’t get treated. They can make having kids difficult (or can cause dangerous pregnancies), they can damage your immune system and can be a cause of some cancers – so they can shorten your life.
Getting Tested
If you think you might have an infection from having sex you can have a range of tests done at a sexual health clinic. All tests are optional but can involve giving a urine sample, a small blood sample (sometimes this is done with a fingerprick), a swab (a vaginal swab can be done by the patient and is really easy), a sample of saliva or a physical examination of wherever you may have an infection. If you can get treatment free and confidentially from these services as well as condoms and advice about safer sex.
Getting Treated
All STIs are treatable and some are curable (eg chlamydia, gonorrhoea (which is getting harder to treat)). There is no cure for HIV at the moment but there are really effective treatments available to help people live long and happy lives – HIV is a managable illness, if it’s detected soon enough. In the UK, treatment for STIs is free.
Pro-Tips How To Make Sex Safer
Using condoms really reduces the chances of getting most STIs. They prevent fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, blood etc) from entering another person. So they make penis in vagina or anus sex a lot safer. They also prevent skin on skin contact for the area which is covered by a condom, so they offer some protection from HPV (warts) and HSV (herpes). Sharing sex toys can carry some risk so condoms can be put over those before being placed inside someone else. Oral sex on a penis can be made safer by using condoms. Or a condom can be cut in half lengthways and placed over the vulva or anus.
You can only get an infection from someone with an infection, so some sex partners reduce their risks from STIs by getting tested for infections, getting the ‘all clear’ and then only having sex with each other (or using another safer sex method if they shag someone else). Remember though it can take a few weeks for some STIs to show up. Get some advice from your local service about this.
Couples who avoid entry sex (particularly penis in vagina or anus sex) are at a much lower risk of getting an infection. It can still be really really enjoyable – in fact lots of people actually prefer having this kind of sex
So you should try and avoid getting an infection from sex, however I’m not going to tell you that these infections are disgusting and scary because often they aren’t. They are very very common and sometimes, shit happens.
More links that might help you
Sexual Health Services: what going to a clinic is like and what they do there
© Justin Hancock, 2013 bishtraining.com
Brook THT FPA
